Izifo ze-neurodegenerative(ama-NDD) abonakala ngokulahlekelwa okuqhubekayo noma okuqhubekayo kwezinhlobo ezithile ze-neuronal ezisengozini ngaphakathi kobuchopho noma emgogodleni. Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-NDD kungasuselwa ezindleleni ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukusatshalaliswa kwe-anatomical kokuwohloka kwemizwa (njengezinkinga ze-extrapyramidal, ukuwohloka kwe-frontotemporal, noma i-spinocerebellar ataxias), ukukhubazeka okuyinhloko kwama-molecule (njenge-amyloid-β, i-prions, i-tau, noma i-α-synuclein), noma izici ezinkulu zezokwelapha (njengesifo sikaParkinson, i-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, kanye ne-dementia). Naphezu kwalokhu kungafani ekuhlukanisweni nasekubonisweni kwezimpawu, izifo ezifana ne-Parkinson's Disease (PD), i-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), kanye ne-Alzheimer's Disease (AD) zabelana ngezinqubo ezivamile eziholela ekungasebenzi kahle kwemizwa nasekufeni kwamaseli ekugcineni.
Njengoba izigidi emhlabeni wonke zithintekile yi-NDD, i-World Health Organization ilinganisela ukuthi ngo-2040, lezi zifo zizoba yimbangela yesibili ehamba phambili yokufa emazweni athuthukile. Nakuba kunezindlela zokwelapha ezahlukahlukene ezitholakalayo zokunciphisa nokuphatha izimpawu ezihambisana nezifo ezithile, izindlela ezisebenzayo zokunciphisa noma zokwelapha ukuqhubeka kwalezi zimo azitholakali. Izifundo zakamuva zibonisa ushintsho emibonweni yokwelapha kusukela ekuphathweni nje kwezimpawu kuya ekusebenziseni izindlela zokuvikela amaseli ukuvimbela ukuwohloka okuqhubekayo. Ubufakazi obuningi busikisela ukuthi ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative kanye nokuvuvukala kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuwohlokeni kwemizwa, kubeka lezi zindlela njengezinhloso ezibalulekile zokuvikela amaseli. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ucwaningo oluyisisekelo nolwezokwelapha luye lwembula amandla e-Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) ekwelapheni izifo eziwohlokayo zemizwa.
Ukuqonda Ukwelashwa Nge-Hyperbaric Oxygen (HBOT)
I-HBOT ivame ukuhilela ukukhulisa ingcindezi iye endaweni engaphandle kwe-1 absolute atmosphere (ATA) — ingcindezi ezingeni lolwandle — isikhathi esingamaminithi angu-90-120, okuvame ukudinga izikhathi eziningi kuye ngesimo esithile eselashwayo. Ingcindezi yomoya ethuthukisiwe ithuthukisa ukulethwa komoya-mpilo emaseli, okubangela ukuvuvukala kwamaseli e-stem futhi kuthuthukise izinqubo zokuphulukisa ezihambisana nezici ezithile zokukhula.
Ekuqaleni, ukusetshenziswa kwe-HBOT kwasungulwa ngomthetho we-Boyle-Marriott, ophakamisa ukwehla kwama-gas bubbles okuncike ekucindezelweni, kanye nezinzuzo zamazinga aphezulu e-oxygen ezicutshini. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezifo ezaziwayo ukuthi zizuza esimweni se-hyperoxic esikhiqizwa yi-HBOT, okuhlanganisa izicubu ezifile, ukulimala kwemisebe, ukusha, ukusha, i-compartment syndrome, kanye ne-gas gangrene, phakathi kwezinye ezibalwe yi-Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society. Okuphawulekayo ukuthi i-HBOT iphinde yabonisa ukusebenza kahle njengokwelashwa okungeziwe kumamodeli ahlukahlukene ezifo ezivuvukalayo noma ezithathelwanayo, njenge-colitis kanye ne-sepsis. Njengoba inikezwe izindlela zayo zokulwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-oxidative, i-HBOT inikeza amandla amakhulu njengendlela yokwelapha izifo ze-neurodegenerative.
Izifundo Zangaphambi Kokwelashwa Kokwelashwa Kwe-Hyperbaric Oxygen Ezifweni Ze-Neurodegenerative: Ukuqonda Okuvela Kumodeli Yegundane Ye-3×Tg
Esinye sezifundo eziphawulekayoigxile kumodeli yegundane ye-3×Tg yesifo se-Alzheimer's (AD), ebonise amandla okwelapha e-HBOT ekunciphiseni ukuntuleka kwengqondo. Ucwaningo luhilele amagundane esilisa anezinyanga ezingu-17 ubudala ane-3×Tg uma kuqhathaniswa namagundane esilisa anezinyanga ezingu-14 ubudala e-C57BL/6 asebenza njengezilawuli. Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi i-HBOT ayithuthukisanga nje kuphela ukusebenza kwengqondo kodwa futhi inciphise kakhulu ukuvuvukala, umthwalo we-plaque, kanye ne-Tau phosphorylation—inqubo ebalulekile ehlotshaniswa ne-AD pathology.
Imiphumela yokuvikela ye-HBOT ibangelwe ukwehla kokuvuvukala kwe-neuroinflammation. Lokhu kwafakazelwa ukwehla kokwanda kwe-microglial, i-astrogliosis, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwama-cytokines abangela ukuvuvukala. Lokhu okutholakele kugcizelela indima ephindwe kabili ye-HBOT ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwengqondo ngenkathi ngasikhathi sinye kunciphisa izinqubo zokuvuvukala kwe-neuro ezihlobene nesifo i-Alzheimer's.
Enye imodeli yangaphambi kokwelashwa isebenzise amagundane e-1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) ukuhlola izindlela zokuvikela ze-HBOT ekusebenzeni kwe-neuronal kanye namakhono okunyakaza. Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi i-HBOT inegalelo ekuthuthukisweni komsebenzi wokunyakaza kanye namandla okubamba kula magundane, okuhambisana nokwanda kokubonakaliswa kwe-mitochondrial biogenesis, ikakhulukazi ngokusebenzisa i-SIRT-1, PGC-1α, kanye ne-TFAM. Lokhu kugqamisa indima ebalulekile yomsebenzi we-mitochondrial emiphumeleni yokuvikela imizwa ye-HBOT.
Izindlela ze-HBOT ezifweni ze-Neurodegenerative
Isimiso esiyisisekelo sokusebenzisa i-HBOT kuma-NDD sisebuhlotsheni obuphakathi kokunikezwa komoya-mpilo okuncishisiwe kanye nokuthambekela ekushintsheni kwe-neurodegenerative. I-Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) idlala indima ebalulekile njenge-transcription factor evumela ukuzivumelanisa kwamaseli nokucindezeleka komoya-mpilo okuphansi futhi iye yathinteka kuma-NDD ahlukahlukene kufaka phakathi i-AD, i-PD, i-Huntington's Disease, kanye ne-ALS, okuyenza ibe yinto ebalulekile edakamizweni.
Ngenxa yokuthi ubudala buyisici esibalulekile sengozi yezifo eziningi ze-neurodegenerative, ukuphenya ngomthelela we-HBOT ku-neurobiology yokuguga kubalulekile. Izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi i-HBOT ingathuthukisa ukuntuleka kwengqondo okuhlobene nobudala kubantu abadala abanempilo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziguli esezikhulile ezinokukhubazeka okukhulu kokukhumbula zibonise ukuthuthuka kwengqondo kanye nokugeleza kwegazi kobuchopho okwandisiwe ngemva kokuchayeka ku-HBOT.
1. Umthelela we-HBOT ekuvuvukeni nasekucindezelekeni kwe-Oxidative
I-HBOT ibonise ikhono lokunciphisa ukuvuvukala kwe-neuroinflammation ezigulini ezinokukhubazeka okukhulu kobuchopho. Inamandla okunciphisa ama-cytokine abangela ukuvuvukala (njenge-IL-1β, i-IL-12, i-TNFα, ne-IFNγ) ngenkathi inciphisa ama-cytokine alwa nokuvuvukala (njenge-IL-10). Abanye abacwaningi basikisela ukuthi izinhlobo ze-oxygen ezisabelayo (i-ROS) ezikhiqizwa yi-HBOT zilawula imiphumela eminingana enenzuzo yokwelashwa. Ngenxa yalokho, ngaphandle kwesenzo sayo sokunciphisa amabhamuza esincike ekucindezelweni kanye nokufinyelela ukugcwala kwe-oxygen ephezulu kwezicubu, imiphumela emihle ehlobene ne-HBOT incike kancane ezindimeni zomzimba ze-ROS ekhiqizwayo.
2. Imiphumela ye-HBOT ku-Apoptosis kanye nokuvikelwa kwe-Neuro
Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi i-HBOT inganciphisa i-phosphorylation ye-hippocampal ye-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) e-p38 mitogen, kamuva ithuthukise ukuqonda futhi inciphise umonakalo we-hippocampal. Kokubili i-HBOT ezimele kanye nokuhlanganiswa ne-Ginkgo biloba extract kutholakale ukuthi kunciphisa ukuvezwa kwe-Bax kanye nomsebenzi we-caspase-9/3, okuholela ekunciphiseni amazinga e-apoptosis kumamodeli egundane abangelwa yi-aβ25-35. Ngaphezu kwalokho, olunye ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi ukulungiswa kwe-HBOT kwabangela ukubekezelelana ngokumelene ne-cerebral ischemia, ngezindlela ezihilela ukwanda kokubonakaliswa kwe-SIRT1, kanye namazinga e-B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) akhulisiwe kanye nokwehla kwe-caspase-3 esebenzayo, kugcizelela izakhiwo ze-HBOT zokuvikela izinzwa kanye nezokulwa ne-apoptotic.
3. Ithonya le-HBOT ekujikelezeni kwegazi kanyeI-Neurogeneis
Ukuchaya abantu abahlushwa yi-HBOT kuye kwahlotshaniswa nemiphumela eminingi ohlelweni lwemithambo yegazi yekhanda, okuhlanganisa nokuthuthukisa ukungena kwesithiyo segazi ebuchosheni, ukukhuthaza i-angiogenesis, kanye nokunciphisa ukuvuvukala. Ngaphezu kokuhlinzeka nge-oxygen eyandisiwe ezicutshini, i-HBOTkukhuthaza ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazingokusebenzisa izici zokubhala njenge-vascular endothelial growth factor kanye nokukhuthaza ukwanda kwamaseli e-neural stem.
4. Imiphumela ye-Epigenetic ye-HBOT
Izifundo ziveze ukuthi ukuchayeka kwamaseli e-endothelial endothelial yomuntu (i-HMEC-1) ku-hyperbaric oxygen kulawula kakhulu izakhi zofuzo ezingu-8,101, okuhlanganisa kokubili ukuvezwa okuphezulu kanye nokwehla, okugqamisa ukwanda kokubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo okuhlobene nezindlela zokuphendula nge-antioxidant.
Isiphetho
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-HBOT kuye kwenza intuthuko enkulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okufakazela ukutholakala kwayo, ukuthembeka kwayo, kanye nokuphepha kwayo emtholampilo. Nakuba i-HBOT iye yahlolwa njengokwelashwa okungekho emthethweni kwe-NDD futhi kwenziwe ucwaningo oluthile, kusenesidingo esiphuthumayo sezifundo eziqinile zokulinganisa imikhuba ye-HBOT ekwelapheni lezi zimo. Ucwaningo olwengeziwe lubalulekile ukuze kunqunywe izikhathi zokwelapha ezifanele futhi kuhlolwe izinga lemiphumela emihle ezigulini.
Ngamafuphi, ukuhlangana kwe-hyperbaric oxygen kanye nezifo eziwohlokayo kwemizwa kubonisa umngcele othembisayo emathubeni okwelapha, okuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka nokuhlolwa nokuqinisekiswa ezindaweni zezokwelapha.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-16-2025