Izifo ze-Neurodegenerative(I-NDDs) ibonakala ngokulahlekelwa okuqhubekayo noma okuqhubekayo kwezibalo ezithile ze-neuronal ezisengozini ngaphakathi kobuchopho noma intambo yomgogodla. Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-NDD kungase kusekelwe ezimisweni ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nokusatshalaliswa kwe-anatomical kwe-neurodegeneration (njenge-extrapyramidal disorders, ukuwohloka kwe-frontotemporal, noma i-spinocerebellar ataxias), ukungahambi kahle kwamangqamuzana okuyinhloko (njenge-amyloid-β, i-prions, i-tau, noma i-α-synuclein), noma izici ezinkulu ze-Parkintrophicler , i-Parkintrophicler lateral (s) kanye nokuwohloka komqondo). Naphezu kwalo mehluko ekuhlukaniseni ngezigaba nasekwethulweni kwezimpawu, iziyaluyalu ezifana ne-Parkinson's Disease (PD), i-Amyotrophic Lateral sclerosis (ALS), kanye ne-Alzheimer's Disease (AD) zabelana ngezinqubo ezivamile eziyisisekelo eziholela ekungasebenzini kahle kwe-neuronal nokufa kweseli ekugcineni.
Njengoba izigidi emhlabeni wonke zihlaselwe ama-NDD, i-World Health Organization ilinganisela ukuthi ngo-2040, lezi zifo zizoba yimbangela yesibili yokufa kwabantu emazweni asethuthukile. Nakuba kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokwelapha ezitholakalayo zokudambisa nokulawula izimpawu ezihambisana nezifo ezithile, izindlela ezisebenzayo zokwehlisa ijubane noma ukwelapha ukuqhubeka kwalezi zimo zisenzima. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lukhombisa ukushintshwa kwamapharadigm okwelapha ukusuka ekulawuleni okuyizimpawu kuya ekusebenziseni izindlela zokuvikela amaseli ukuvikela ukuwohloka okwengeziwe. Ubufakazi obuningi buphakamisa ukuthi ukucindezelwa kwe-oxidative nokuvuvukala kudlala indima ebalulekile ku-neurodegeneration, ukubeka lezi zindlela njengezinjongo ezibalulekile zokuvikela amaselula. Eminyakeni yamuva, ucwaningo oluyisisekelo nolwemitholampilo lwembule amandla e-Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) ekwelapheni izifo ze-neurodeergenerative.
Ukuqonda I-Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT)
I-HBOT ngokuvamile ihlanganisa ukucindezela okwandayo ukuya ngaphezu kwe-1 absolute atmosphere (ATA) - ingcindezi ezingeni lolwandle - isikhathi eside semizuzu engu-90-120, ngokuvamile edinga izikhathi eziningi kuye ngesimo esithile esiphathwayo. Umfutho womoya othuthukisiwe uthuthukisa ukulethwa komoyampilo kumangqamuzana, okubuye kukhuthaze ukwanda kwamangqamuzana e-stem futhi kuthuthukise izinqubo zokuphulukisa eziqondiswa yizici ezithile zokukhula.
Ekuqaleni, ukusetshenziswa kwe-HBOT kwasungulwa emthethweni we-Boyle-Marriott, obeka ukuncishiswa kwamabhamuza egesi okuncike kungcindezi, kanye nezinzuzo zamazinga aphezulu komoyampilo ezicutshini. Kunezinhlobonhlobo ze-pathologies ezaziwa ukuthi zizuze esimweni se-hyperoxic esikhiqizwa yi-HBOT, okuhlanganisa izicubu ze-necrotic, ukulimala kwemisebe, ukuhlukumezeka, ukushisa, i-compartment syndrome, ne-gas gangrene, phakathi kwezinye ezibalwe yi-Undersea ne-Hyperbaric Medical Society. Ngokuphawulekayo, i-HBOT iphinde yabonisa ukusebenza kahle njengokwelashwa okungeziwe kumamodeli ahlukahlukene wezifo ezivuthayo noma ezithathelwanayo, njenge-colitis ne-sepsis. Njengoba kunikezwe izindlela zayo zokulwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-oxidative, i-HBOT inikeza amandla abalulekile njengendlela yokwelapha izifo ze-neurodeergenerative.
Izifundo Zangaphambi Kokwelashwa Kwe-Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Insights from the 3 × Tg Mouse Model
Olunye lwezifundo eziphawulekayoigxile kumodeli yegundane engu-3×Tg yesifo i-Alzheimer's (AD), ebonise amandla okwelapha e-HBOT ekuthuthukiseni ukushoda kwengqondo. Ucwaningo lwaluhilela amagundane wesilisa anezinyanga ezingu-17 ubudala i-3×Tg uma kuqhathaniswa nezinyanga ezingu-14 ubudala wesilisa C57BL/6 amagundane asebenza njengezilawuli. Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi i-HBOT ayizange ithuthukise ukusebenza kwengqondo kuphela kodwa futhi yanciphisa kakhulu ukuvuvukala, i-plaque load, ne-Tau phosphorylation-inqubo ebucayi ehambisana ne-AD pathology.
Imiphumela yokuvikela ye-HBOT kuthiwa ibangelwa ukwehla kwe-neuroinflammation. Lokhu kwafakazelwa ukuncishiswa kokwanda kwe-microglial, i-astrogliosis, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwama-cytokines abangela ukuvuvukala. Lokhu okutholakele kugcizelela indima embaxambili ye-HBOT ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwengqondo kuyilapho ngasikhathi sinye kunciphisa izinqubo ze-neuroinflammatory ezihambisana nesifo i-Alzheimer's.
Enye imodeli ye-preclinical esetshenziswa amagundane e-1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) ukuhlola izindlela zokuvikela ze-HBOT ekusebenzeni kwe-neuronal namandla emoto. Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi i-HBOT ibe nesandla ekwenzeni okuthuthukisiwe kwezimoto namandla okubambelela kulawa magundane, okuhambisana nokwanda kokusayina kwe-mitochondrial biogenesis, ikakhulukazi ngokwenza kusebenze i-SIRT-1, PGC-1α, ne-TFAM. Lokhu kugqamisa indima ebalulekile yomsebenzi we-mitochondrial emiphumeleni ye-neuroprotective ye-HBOT.
Izindlela ze-HBOT ku-Neurodeergenerative Diseases
Umgomo oyisisekelo wokusebenzisa i-HBOT kuma-NDD usebudlelwaneni phakathi kokuncishiswa kokunikezwa komoyampilo kanye nokuba sengozini yezinguquko ze-neurodegenerative. I-Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) idlala indima ebalulekile njenge-transcription factor eyenza amaselula ajwayelane nokudonsa komoyampilo okuphansi futhi iye yaba nomthelela kuma-NDD ahlukahlukene okuhlanganisa i-AD, PD, Isifo sikaHuntington, kanye ne-ALS, okumaka njengesithako esibalulekile sezidakamizwa.
Ngenxa yokuthi ubudala buyingozi enkulu yezinkinga eziningi ze-neurodeergenerative, ukuphenya umthelela we-HBOT ekugugeni kwe-neurobiology kubalulekile. Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi i-HBOT ingathuthukisa ukushoda kwengqondo okuhlobene neminyaka ezifundweni ezindala ezinempilo.Ukwengeza, iziguli esezikhulile ezinokukhubazeka okukhulu kwenkumbulo zibonise ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo nokwanda kokugeleza kwegazi lobuchopho ngemva kokuchayeka ku-HBOT.
1. Umthelela we-HBOT Ekuvuvukeni nasekucindezelekeni kwe-Oxidative
I-HBOT ibonise amandla okunciphisa i-neuroinflammation ezigulini ezinokukhubazeka okukhulu kobuchopho. Inamandla okwehlisa ama-cytokines ane-pro-inflammatory (afana ne-IL-1β, IL-12, TNFα, ne-IFNγ) kuyilapho ilawula ama-cytokines aphikisana nokuvuvukala (njenge-IL-10). Abanye abacwaningi bahlongoza ukuthi izinhlobo ze-oxygen esebenzayo (ROS) ezikhiqizwe i-HBOT zilamula imiphumela eminingi enenzuzo yokwelashwa. Ngenxa yalokho, ngaphandle kwesenzo saso sokunciphisa ibhamuza esincike ekucindezelweni kanye nokutholakala kokugcwala kwe-oxygen kwezicubu eziphezulu, imiphumela emihle exhunywe ku-HBOT incike ngokwengxenye emisebenzini ye-physiological ye-ROS ekhiqiziwe.
2. Imithelela ye-HBOT ku-Apoptosis ne-Neuroprotection
Ucwaningo luveze ukuthi i-HBOT inganciphisa i-hippocampal phosphorylation ye-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), bese ithuthukisa ukuqonda kanye nokunciphisa ukulimala kwe-hippocampal. Kokubili i-HBOT ezimele kanye nenhlanganisela ne-Ginkgo biloba ekhishwe kutholwe ukuthi yehlisa isisho se-Bax nomsebenzi we-caspase-9/3, okuholela ekwehleni kwamazinga e-apoptosis kumamodeli wamagundane adangwe i-aβ25-35. Ngaphezu kwalokho, olunye ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi i-HBOT preconditioning ibangele ukubekezelelana ngokumelene ne-cerebral ischemia, ngezinqubo ezibandakanya ukukhuphuka kwe-SIRT1 inkulumo, kanye namazinga e-B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) engeziwe kanye nokunciphisa i-caspase-3 esebenzayo, egcizelela izici ze-HBOT zeneuroprotective ne-anti-apoptotic.
3. Umthelela we-HBOT Ekujikelezeni kanyeI-Neurogenesis
Ukuveza izihloko ku-HBOT kuhlotshaniswe nemiphumela eminingi ohlelweni lwemithambo ye-cranial, okuhlanganisa nokuthuthukisa ukungakwazi ukufinyeleleka kwesithiyo segazi nobuchopho, ukukhuthaza i-angiogenesis, nokunciphisa i-edema. Ngaphezu kokuhlinzeka ngezinsiza ezengeziwe zomoya-mpilo ezicutshini, i-HBOTikhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-vascularngokwenza kusebenze izici zokuloba ezifana ne-vascular endothelial growth factor kanye nokugqugquzela ukwanda kwamaseli e-neural stem.
4. Imiphumela ye-Epigenetic ye-HBOT
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukuvezwa kwamangqamuzana e-microvascular endothelial cell (HMEC-1) ku-oksijeni ye-hyperbaric kulawula ngokuphawulekayo izakhi zofuzo ze-8,101, kufaka phakathi kokubili izinkulumo eziphakanyisiwe neziphansi, okugqamisa ukwanda kwezakhi zofuzo ezihambisana nezindlela zokuphendula i-antioxidant.
Isiphetho
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-HBOT kwenze amagxathu abalulekile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okufakazela ukutholakala kwayo, ukwethembeka, nokuphepha ekusebenzeni komtholampilo. Nakuba i-HBOT iye yahlolwa njengokwelashwa okungelona ilebula kuma-NDD futhi olunye ucwaningo lwenziwe, kusenesidingo esicindezelayo sezifundo eziqinile zokumisa izinqubo ze-HBOT ekwelapheni lezi zimo. Ucwaningo olwengeziwe lubalulekile ukuze kutholwe amaza okwelashwa alungile kanye nokuhlola izinga lemiphumela enenzuzo ezigulini.
Kafushane, ukuphambana kwe-hyperbaric oxygen kanye nezifo ze-neurodeergenerative kukhombisa umngcele othembisayo emathubeni okwelapha, okuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kokuhlola nokuqinisekisa kuzilungiselelo zomtholampilo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-16-2025